Ventriculo – peritoneal shunt

Hydrocephalus is a condition where there is excess collection of water in the brain which is leading to a set of problems which are explained under the name raised intra cranial pressure, viz – headache, vomiting and drowziness. The fluid in the brain is normally produced daily and reabsorbed. But when these rates of absorption are not balanced, it can lead to an increase in fluid in the brain and causing pressure and resulting in neurologic symptoms.

There are many causes for this kind of imbalance leading to Hydrocephalus

• Congenital – from birth
• Brain infection
• Post head injury
• Secondary to brain tumors

A ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgical is the treatment for hydrocephalus. This shunt will drain this excess fluid from the brain (ventricle). This is achieved by placing a silicone tube (catheter) under the skin connecting the brain and the the abdomen. A small hole is made in the skull, the surgeon will place the tip of the catheter into the brain. This catheter is connected to a valve, which is then connected to a second catheter. The tip of the second catheter is placed in the abdomen by making another small opening. As the catheter runs under the skin into the abdomen, it is not seen but can be felt under the skin in the neck. The valve in the shunt tube prevents the fluid from moving in the opposite direction and controls the fluid drainage.