Spine Surgeries
Surgery to the spine is required for patients who have problem with the spine (backbone), spinal nerves or the spinal cord. Not all patients having spine problems will need surgery. Below are listed few indications for spinal surgery
Indications for Spine surgery
- Herniated disc (lumbar or cervical) with nerve root compression causing radicular pain
- Compression of the spinal cord due to bone overgrowth causing spinal canal stenosis.
- Instability to the spine due to weakness of bones, fractures or degenerations
- Tumours of the spine, nerves or the spinal cord
Types of Spine surgeries
- Discectomy: Surgery to remove a part or whole of the herniated disc.
- Laminectomy: Surgical procedure that involves removal of the lamina (posterior part of the spinal column).
- Spinal fusion: The procedure in which two or more bones are fused together. It adds to the stability of the spine.
- Spinal Disc replacement: Surgical procedure where whole of the pathological disc is replaced by an artificial disc.
- Kyphoplasty: Surgical procedure to relieve pain caused by osteoporotic spinal fracture
- Vertebroplasty: Surgical procedure to expand the osteoporotic fractured vertebral bone and fill it with bone cement
- Minimally invasive spine surgery: Spinal surgery performed through small incisions than conventional spinal surgeries.
The description of commonly performed spine surgeries are explained below.
Cervical discectomy
Extrusion of an intervertebral disc can cause compression of a spinal nerve leading to pain, sensory changes, or weakness of the arm/hand. When non-operative measures fail to relieve the symptoms,
Artificial cervical disc
Artificial disc replacement is the replacement of a damaged spinal disc with an artificial (manufactured) disc, which functions like a natural disc. An artificial disc is designed to support the vertebrae
Lumbar discectomy
Extrusion of an intervertebral disc can cause compression of a spinal nerve leading to pain, sensory changes, or weakness of the leg. When non-operative measures fail to relieve symptoms
Spinal Fixation/Fusion
Spinal fixation/fusion is a procedure in which a surgeon uses instruments such as rods, plates, and screws to help bones of the spine fuse. An instrumented spinal fusion is
Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (MISS)
Minimally invasive spine surgery is performed with specialized instruments and techniques that can minimize disruption to the body’s tissues. Compared to traditional, open surgical procedures,
Spinal cord Tumour resection
The procedure is performed under general anesthesia, where the patient is unconscious during the procedure. First, the neurosurgeon makes an incision in the skin overlying the tumour.
Paediatric Spine Pathologies
There are a host of pathologies which are commonly seen in paediatric age group. The common spinal pathologies include
- Dermal sinus
- Split cord malformation
- Tethered cord Syndrome
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Spine surgeries