Spinal Dysraphism
Spinal dysraphism hosts a set of disorders which arise due to non-fusion of spine during the intra uterine development of the spine (congenital)
| Types | Characteristics | Symptoms | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Myelomeningocele | The spinal cord, spinal nerves and the coverings, pouch out of the body in a sac | Hydrocephalus, lower limb sensory loss, weakness, deformity, bowel bladder incontinence | Surgical repair during the first few days of life |
| Spina bifida occulta | Only a minor defect in one or more vertebrae. | Rarely backache | Medicines |
| Split cord malformation | The spinal cord is split into two cord by a fibrous or a bony septum | Scoliosis, tethered cord, rarely – lower limb sensory loss, weakness, deformity, bowel bladder incontinence | Surgery – decompression, repair and detethering |
| Spinal cord lipoma | An abnormal amount of fat attaches the spinal cord, nerves or the membrane to the out of spinal column. | Tethered cord, rarely – lower limb sensory loss, weakness, bowel bladder incontinence | Surgery – Freeing the spinal cord/nerves from the lipoma |
| Dermal Sinus | A tract of skin passing from the surface of the body upto the spinal cord (Most of the times) and often associated with benign tumours. | Mostly asymptomatic, sometimes, tethered cord, infection | Surgery – to remove the tract and untether the spinal cord. |
| Spinal tumours and cysts | They include lipoma, dermoid and epidermoid cysts | Depending on the location of tumour, upper limbs/ lower limbs – sensory loss, weakness, bowel bladder incontinence | Surgery – Microsurgical tumour excision |
| Tethered Cord | The spinal cord is attached at the base and is unable to move freely and as the patient catches up with growth there is stretch in the spinal cord resulting in neurological deficits | Include leg weakness, sensory loss, deformities, low back and leg pain, and bowel or bladder incontinence | Surgery – Detethering of the tethered cord is required |
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