Atlanto Axial Dislocation (AAD)

This condition refers to a loss of stability between the atlas and axis (C1–C2), resulting in loss of normal articulation. There are various types of attlanoaxial dislocation.
Based of etiology – trauma, inflammatory, idiopathic, or congenital abnormalities.
Based on plane of dislocation – anteroposterior, rotatory, central, and mixed dislocations.
Based on reducibility – reducible, irreducible.

The management of AAD depends on the type of dislocation. By rule, all mobile AAD needs to be fixed. There are various methods of fixation depending on the type of AAD and he familiarity of the procedure by the neurosurgeon.
The common surgical management procedures include:

• 1. Occipito-cervical fusion
  2. C1-C2 spacer jamming
  3. C1-C2 trans-articular screw fixation
  4. Trans-oral decompression and fixation