Chiari Malformation (Type I)

Chiari malformation is considered a congenital condition, where there is downward displacement of cerebellar tonsils beneath the foramen magnum into the cervical spinal canal.

Atlanto Axial Dislocation (AAD)

This condition refers to a loss of stability between the atlas and axis (C1–C2), resulting in loss of normal articulation. There are various types of attlanoaxial dislocation.

Odontoid fracture

The odontoid process is the protruberence of the second cervical vertebra (axis). Odontoid fracture is a relatively common fracture of C2 body. There are three types of odontoid fractures.